it 的几种用法

开篇一个词六种身份看这六个句子每个都有it但意思完全不同① I bought a book. It is interesting. ← it 那本书 ② It is raining. ← it 什么都不指 ③ It is hard to learn English. ← it 是替身 ④ I find it hard to learn English. ← it 也是替身 ⑤ It was Tom that broke the window. ← it 用来强调 ⑥ Take it easy. ← it 是习惯用法同一个 it有的指东西有的什么都不指有的只是占个位置。分清这几类it 的用法就全懂了。一、真正的代词it 有所指① 指代前面提到的事物、动物最基本的用法。I lost my phone. I cant find it anywhere. ~~ my phone Look at that cat. It is sleeping. ~~ that catit 只能指单数、非人。复数用 they人用 he/she。② ⭐ 指代前面整件事、整句话这个容易被忽略。He failed the exam. It surprised everyone. ~~ 他考试没及格这整件事 She said she would come, but I dont believe it. ~~ 她说的那句话对比一下I broke the vase. It was expensive. ~~ 花瓶指物 I broke the vase. It was an accident. ~~ ★ 打碎花瓶这件事③ ⭐ 指代身份不明的人当你还不知道对方是谁时用 it不用 he/she。—— Someone is knocking. —— Who is it? ★ 不能说 Who is he? —— Its me, Tom. ★ 不能说 He is Tom.—— Hello, who is it? 接电话时 —— Its Mary speaking.I heard a noise outside. It must be the wind.④ 指代婴儿、性别不明的孩子The baby is crying. It must be hungry.⚠️注意现代英语中这个用法在减少。知道性别时用 he/she 更礼貌或用 they。二、⭐ 非人称 it什么都不指这类 it没有任何实际意义只是因为英语句子必须有主语所以放一个 it 占位。四大场景场景例句⭐天气Itis raining. /Itis cold today.⭐时间Itis 8 o’clock. /It’s time to go.⭐日期Itis Monday. /Itwas 2020.⭐距离Itis 5 km from here to school.还有环境、温度It is noisy in here. It is 30 degrees outside. It is dark in the room.为什么必须有个 it中文 下雨了。 ★ 不需要主语 英文 Raining. ❌ 语法不成立 It is raining. ✅ ★ 必须有主语就用 it 顶上这个 it 叫虚位主语。你不能问它是什么——它就不是什么。三、⭐⭐ 形式主语最重要的用法核心规则英语不喜欢头重脚轻的句子。★ 所以把长的主语搬到后面前面用 it 占位。看这个变化【原句·头重脚轻】 To learn English well is difficult. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 主语太长了 ↓ 【改写·用 it 占位】 It is difficult to learn English well. ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 形式主语 ★ 真正的主语三种常见句型句型 1It is 形容词 to doIt is important to keep promises. It is easy to make mistakes. It is dangerous to swim here.如果要说明对谁而言It is important for us to keep promises. ~~~~~~ ★ 一般用 for⚠️特例形容词表示人的品质时用 of 不用 for。It is kind of you to help me. ★ 你人真好 It is careless of him to lose the key. ★ 他真粗心怎么区分★ 能把句子改成 You are kind. 说得通 → 用 of ★ 说不通不能说 You are important. → 用 for句型 2It is 名词 to doIt is a pleasure to meet you. It is our duty to protect the environment. It is a waste of time to argue with him.句型 3⭐ It 动词 that 从句最常见的几个固定结构结构例句It seems that…It seems thathe is right.It happens that…It happens thatI know him.It turns out that…It turned out thatwe were wrong.It appears that…It appears thatnobody came.⭐It is said that…It is said thathe is rich.据说It is reported that…据报道It is believed that…人们相信It is well known that…众所周知⭐ 一个特别常用的It takes…It takes 人 时间 to do It takes me two hours to finish the homework. It took him three years to write the book. It will take us a week to get there.同义改写It takes me two hours to get there. I spend two hours getting there. ★ 注意 spend 后面用 doing四、⭐ 形式宾语和形式主语是一个道理当宾语太长时也搬到后面用 it 占位。【原句·别扭】 I find to learn English difficult. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 宾语太长夹在中间 ↓ 【改写】 I find it difficult to learn English. ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 形式宾语 ★ 真正的宾语固定结构动词 it 形容词/名词 to do / that 从句常见动词动词例句findIfind ithardtobelieve.thinkIthink itwrongtocheat.makeThe rainmade itimpossibletogo out.considerWeconsider itnecessarytoact now.feelIfeel itmy dutytohelp.⭐ 两个必须用 it 的固定搭配① like / hate / appreciate it if/when 从句 I would appreciate it if you could help me. ~~ ★ 不能省略 I hate it when people are late. ~~ ★ 不能省略② depend on it / see to it that 从句 You can depend on it that he will come. Please see to it that the door is locked. ~~ ★ 意思是务必确保五、⭐⭐ 强调句It is … that …结构It is / It was 【被强调的部分】 that / who 其余部分怎么用原句Tom broke the window yesterday.可以强调三个不同成分① 强调主语 Tom It was Tom that/who broke the window yesterday. ~~~ ② 强调宾语 the window It was the window that Tom broke yesterday. ~~~~~~~~~~ ③ 强调时间 yesterday It was yesterday that Tom broke the window. ~~~~~~~~~注意★ 谓语动词不能被强调。想强调动作要用do/does/didHe did break it.⭐ 怎么判断是不是强调句一句话测试★ 把It is/was和that一起去掉剩下的还是完整句子 → 是强调句。例子对比例 1It was Tom that broke the window. ↓ 去掉 It was ... that Tom broke the window. ✅ 完整 ↓ ★ 是强调句例 2It is a fact that he lied. ↓ 去掉 It is ... that a fact he lied. ❌ 不通 ↓ ★ 不是强调句是形式主语that 从句是真正主语例 3It was three years ago that he left. ↓ three years ago he left. ✅ 完整 ↓ ★ 是强调句that 什么时候换成 who / which强调【人】 → that 或 who 都行 强调【物】 → 只能用 that不能用 which 强调【时间/地点/原因】→ ★ 只能用 that 不能用 when / where / because✅ It was in 2020 that we met. ❌ It was in 2020 when we met.六、固定搭配和习语常见短语短语意思例句make it⭐ 成功、赶到、做到Wemade it! / I can’tmake ittonight.get it⭐ 明白、懂了I don’tget it.take it easy放轻松Take it easy, don’t worry.It depends.看情况— Will you go? —It depends.as it is事实上As it is, we can’t afford it.That’s it.⭐ 就是这样 / 到此为止That’s itfor today.Cut it out.住手、别闹了Watch it!小心Go for it!加油、放手去做Forget it.算了make it up编造 / 和好Hemade it up.call it a day收工Let’scall it a day.这类 it 不用管它指什么★ 整个短语当成一个词记。七、⭐ 易混辨析① it / one / that这是最常考的一组。词含义记忆点it⭐同一个就是刚才那个东西one⭐同类中的另一个不特指一个同样的that⭐同类中的另一个特指后面有修饰特指的那个例句对比I lost my pen. Im looking for it. ~~ ★ 就是丢的那支I lost my pen. Ill buy one. ~~~ ★ 另买一支不是同一支The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. ~~~~ ★ 特指上海的天气 不能用 it不是同一个天气再来一组—— Do you have a car? —— Yes, I have one. ★ 有一辆泛指 —— Where is your car? —— Its in the garage. ★ 特指你的那辆⭐ that vs one 的区别one ★ 后面通常不带修饰或带简单修饰 I want a red one. that ★ 后面必须带修饰成分of短语、定语从句等 The population of China is larger than that of India. ~~~~ ★ 后面有 of India口诀★ 同一个 → it ★ 同一类泛指 → one ★ 同一类特指且有修饰 → that② it / this / that指代前文this ★ 指下文要说的 / 距离近的 that ★ 指上文说过的 / 距离远的 it ★ 中性指刚提到的He got the first prize. That was great news. ~~~~ ★ 强调那件事带感情色彩 He got the first prize. It made his parents happy. ~~ ★ 平淡指代Listen to this: Im getting married! ~~~~ ★ 指下文要说的内容③ ⭐ 形式主语 vs 强调句这两个长得像最容易搞混。It is clear that he is lying. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ★ 形式主语去掉 It is...that 后不成句 It is John that is lying. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ★ 强调句去掉后 John is lying 成句判断口诀★ 去掉It is和that句子还完整 → 强调句★ 去掉后不完整 → 形式主语速查表六大类一览类型特征例句① 指代事物有所指I saw a dog.Itwas black.② 指代整件事指前面的句子He lied.Itshocked me.③ 指身份不明的人问谁Who isit?④ ⭐ 非人称无意义天气时间距离Itis raining.⑤ ⭐ 形式主语/宾语后面有真主语Itis hardto learn.⑥ ⭐ 强调句It is…that…It wasTomthatdid it.核心句型★ It is adj (for sb) to do ★ It is adj of sb to do 表人品质 ★ It takes sb time to do ★ It is said/reported/believed that... ★ 动词 it adj to do 形式宾语 ★ It is/was 强调成分 that/who 强调句两个判断口诀【强调句 or 形式主语】 ★ 去掉 It is...that句子完整 → 强调句 ★ 不完整 → 形式主语 【it / one / that】 ★ 同一个 → it ★ 同类泛指 → one ★ 同类特指带修饰 → that收尾回到开头那六个句子① I bought a book. It is interesting. → ★ 代词指那本书 ② It is raining. → ★ 非人称无意义 ③ It is hard to learn English. → ★ 形式主语 ④ I find it hard to learn English. → ★ 形式宾语 ⑤ It was Tom that broke the window. → ★ 强调句 ⑥ Take it easy. → ★ 习语⭐三句话总结一、先问一句这个 it 指什么★ 指得出来 → 代词指不出来 → 非人称、形式主语或强调句。二、看后面有没有真正的主语/宾语。★ 有to do或that从句跟在后面 → 多半是形式主语/宾语。三、看到It is ... that ...就做减法测试。★ 去掉还成句 → 强调句不成句 → 形式主语。